Kurigram District (rangpur division) with an area of 276.45 sq km, is bounded by Cooch Bihar district of west bengal on the north, gaibandha district on the south, Asam Province of India on the east, West Bengal of India and rangpur and lalmonirhat districts on the west. Annual average temperature: maximum 32.3°C, minimum 11.2°C; annual rainfall 2931 mm. Main rivers: brahmaputra, dharla, tista, dudhkumar, Phulkumar, Sonaburi, Jinjiram Gangadhar, Halhali and Jalchira.Kurigram (Town) consists of 9 wards and 107 mahallas. The area of the town is 16.17 sq km. The municipality was established in 1972. The town has a population of 66438; male 51.25% and female 48.75%; population density per sq km 4109. Literacy rate among the town people is 39.9%. The town has two dakbungalows.Administration Kurigram subdivision was established in 1874 and was turned into a district in 1984. The district consists of 9 upazilas, 2 municipalities, 18 wards, 122 mahallas, 73 union parishads, 647 mouzas, 1907 villages and 14 enclaves. The upazilas are bhurungamari, char rajibpur, chilmari, phulbari, kurigram sadar, nageshwari, rajarhat, raumari and ulipur; the municipality is Kurigram Sadar and Ulipur.Archaeological heritage and relics Remnants of a mosque (Mughal period, 1176 AH) at Nayarhat (Rajarhat), remnants of a mosque near Patweshwari Bazar (Mughal period), three domed mosque (Mughal period) at village Majider Par of Thanahat Union (Bhurangamari), Arabic inscription of a mosque (Hussain Shahi period, now preserved at the Rajshahi Barendra Museum), Joymoni Zamindar Bari, Naodanga Zamindar Bari and Mandir (Phulbari), Pangeshwari Mandir and remnants of the Rajbari (Rajarhat), image of Kali at Dasherhat, images of Mangal Chandi, Kamakkha Devi, Laksmi and Sattanarayan in front of the Bhetarbandh Zamindar Bari, Kali Siddheshwari Mandir (Ulipur), two canons of Panga Kingdom (preserved at the BDR Gate).Historical events Devi Chaudharani and Bhabani Pathak revolted against the British. They built their secret hermitages in the deep forests. They conducted many encounters against the British and their collaborators during 1760-1783. Quit-India Movement, Tebhaga Movement and Satyagraha Movement spread over Kurigram. During the War of Liberation Raumari, Rajibpur (except Kodalkati union) and Phulbari upazilas were beyond the reach of the Pak army. Many direct encounters between the Freedom Fighters and the Pak army were held in this district in which about 100 Freedom Fighters were killed. Marks of the War of Liberation Mass killing site and mass grave: Kurigram food office, Jailkhana Gate, in front of the Bungalow of SP (Kurigram), Chilmari, backyard of the residence of the TNO of Bhurungamari, backyard of the Hospital (Bhurungamari), Ulipur Dakbungalow, Hatia Dagar Kuthi and Dharani Bari Madhupur (Ulipur); about 30-32 human skulls have been discovered from the backside of the residence of Altaf Uddin Compounder of village Baghbhandar under Bhurungamari union; memorial monument at the turn of the Kurigram College; Chandipukur (Nageshwari), memorial plank of martyr freedom fighters (Ghosh Para, Kurigram), a memorial plank with names of 18 freedom Fighters in front of the Ulipur Muktijoddha Office.Population 1782277; male 49.62%, female 50.38%; Muslim 91.65%, Hindu 7.7% and others 0.65%.Religious institutions Mosque 3231, temple 199, sacred place 2 and tomb 1, most noted of which are Kurigram Central Jami Mosque, Nageshwari Bus Stand Jami Mosque, Nageshwari Bazar Jami Mosque, Ulipur Shahi Jami Mosque, Chilmari Austami Snan, Madaikhal Kali Mandir and Shree Shree Govinda Jeu Mandir (Ulipur). Literacy and educational institutions Average literacy 22.3%; male 29.9% and female 14.7%. Educational institutions: government college 3, non-government college 29, commerce college 1, government high school 3, non-government high school 167, junior high school 11, madrasa 464, primary training institute 1, veterinary training institute 1, nursing training institute 1, youth training centre 1, deaf school 1, mentally retarded school 1, government primary school 563, non-government primary school.595, satellite school 12, kindergarten 8 and maktab 155. Noted educational institutions: River View High School (1915), Kurigram Government Boy's High School (1895) and Kurigram Government College (1961), Ulipur Sarnamoye Maharani High School (1868), DM Academy (Nageshwari), Pangarani Lakshmipriya High School (1939), Bhurungamari Pilot High School (1925), Chilmari High School (1933), Jasimia High School (1938, Nageshwari), Naodanga High School (1919, Phulbari), Payardanga Government Primary School (1907, Nageshwari), Raumari Government Primary School (1898), Raumari Keramatia Model Senior Madrassa (1937), Ulipur Government Girl's High School (1909). Locally published newspapers and periodicals Present: Dainik Kurigram Khabor, Dainik Chaoa Paoa, Weekly Tatha Katha, Weekly Kurigram Barta, Weekly Julfikar, Kalam (Ulipur); extinct: Dainik Kurigram, Banglar Dak, Weekly Dharla; Monthly Pravati, Ganakatha, Ajker Kurigram, Padakkhep (literary magazine), Monthly Ketan, Weekly Uttaran, Fortnightly Sajag, Monthly Betarbani (Nageshwari), Agradut (Raumari).Cultural organisations Club 234, press club 2, literary society 3, co operative society and grameen club 327, cinema hall 18, public library 13, theatre stage 10, theatre group and opera party 3, debating society 1, women's organisation 24, shilpakala academy 1, cultural group 1. Main occupations Agriculture 45.91%, agricultural labourer 29.57%, wage labourer 2.83%, commerce 7.12%, service 3.78% and others 10.79%. Land use Total cultivable land 162334.28 hectares; fallow land 19312.22 hectares; single crop land 30%, double crop 50% and treble crop 20%. Cultivable land under irrigation land under cultivation 42%.Land control Among the peasants 40% are landless, 35% small, 18% intermediate and 7% rich; cultivable land per head 0.10 hectare.Value of land The market value of the land of the first grade is approximately Tk. 8000 per 0.01 hectare.Main crops Paddy, jute, wheat, potato, corn, chilli, peanut, bamboo, betel nut, betel leaf, pulses, vegetable.Extinct or nearly extinct crops Indigo, dhemsi, kaun, china, pumpkin, linseed, sesame, aus paddy.Main fruits Mango, jackfruit, black berry, litchi, papaya, banana, olive, amra, chalta, boroi, notko, kamranga.Fisheries, dairies and poultries Fishery 289, dairy 235 and poultry 397, nursery (fish) 28 and hatchery 8.Communication facilities Roads: pucca 241 km, semi pucca 62 km and mud road 4532 km; railways 43 km; waterways 163 nautical mile.Traditional transport Palanquin, bullock cart, buffalo cart and horse carriage. These means of transport are either extinct or nearly extinct.Manufactories Rice and flour mill 124, textile mill 1, oil mill 10, cold storage 1, biscuit and bread factory 25, dal (pulse) mill 2, ginning mill 2, printing press 12, chira mill 4, soap factory 3, semai factory 1, toffee factory 2, welding 89, ice factory 21, saw mill 30, steel furniture 8.Cottage industries Weaving 373, bamboo and cane work 1070, goldsmith 251, blacksmith 273, potteries 335, cobbler 105, bidi 6, wood work 808, tailoring 535, fishing net work 32, cocoon production 40.Hats, bazars and fairs Total number of hats and bazars are 174, most noted of which are Kathalbari, Kurigram, Jatrapur, Ulipur, Durgapur, Chilmari, Naodanga, Bhurangamari, Rajibpur, Nageshwari, Royganj, Rajarhat, Raumari, Nunkhaoa Hat; fairs 17, most noted of which are Rashuner Mela (Changrar Mela), Dasharar Mela (Dasherhat), Sindumatir Mela (Rajarhat), Austami Snan Mela (Chilmari), Madaikhaler Mela, Dhamshreni Baishaki Mela (Ulipur), Masamkurar Mela (Nageshwari), Berubari Baruni Mela. Main exports Jute, paddy, peanut, bamboo, potato, peanut, betel nut, chicken.NGO activities Operationally important NGOs are brac, rdrs, Care, asa, Save the Children, Swanirvar Bangladesh, Jibika, Diganta Samaj Unnayan Sangstha, Chinnamukul. Health centres Government hospital 1, NGO hospital 2, private clinic 12, veterinary hospital 2, chest diseases hospital 1, union heath and family planning centre 65, satellite clinic 20, TB hospital 1, rural health centre 1, eye hospital 1, maternity and child welfare centre 2, clinic 13. [Md Kamal Hossain]
Tuesday 8 January 2013
History Kurigram District (RANGPUR division)
Kurigram District (rangpur division) with an area of 276.45 sq km, is bounded by Cooch Bihar district of west bengal on the north, gaibandha district on the south, Asam Province of India on the east, West Bengal of India and rangpur and lalmonirhat districts on the west. Annual average temperature: maximum 32.3°C, minimum 11.2°C; annual rainfall 2931 mm. Main rivers: brahmaputra, dharla, tista, dudhkumar, Phulkumar, Sonaburi, Jinjiram Gangadhar, Halhali and Jalchira.Kurigram (Town) consists of 9 wards and 107 mahallas. The area of the town is 16.17 sq km. The municipality was established in 1972. The town has a population of 66438; male 51.25% and female 48.75%; population density per sq km 4109. Literacy rate among the town people is 39.9%. The town has two dakbungalows.Administration Kurigram subdivision was established in 1874 and was turned into a district in 1984. The district consists of 9 upazilas, 2 municipalities, 18 wards, 122 mahallas, 73 union parishads, 647 mouzas, 1907 villages and 14 enclaves. The upazilas are bhurungamari, char rajibpur, chilmari, phulbari, kurigram sadar, nageshwari, rajarhat, raumari and ulipur; the municipality is Kurigram Sadar and Ulipur.Archaeological heritage and relics Remnants of a mosque (Mughal period, 1176 AH) at Nayarhat (Rajarhat), remnants of a mosque near Patweshwari Bazar (Mughal period), three domed mosque (Mughal period) at village Majider Par of Thanahat Union (Bhurangamari), Arabic inscription of a mosque (Hussain Shahi period, now preserved at the Rajshahi Barendra Museum), Joymoni Zamindar Bari, Naodanga Zamindar Bari and Mandir (Phulbari), Pangeshwari Mandir and remnants of the Rajbari (Rajarhat), image of Kali at Dasherhat, images of Mangal Chandi, Kamakkha Devi, Laksmi and Sattanarayan in front of the Bhetarbandh Zamindar Bari, Kali Siddheshwari Mandir (Ulipur), two canons of Panga Kingdom (preserved at the BDR Gate).Historical events Devi Chaudharani and Bhabani Pathak revolted against the British. They built their secret hermitages in the deep forests. They conducted many encounters against the British and their collaborators during 1760-1783. Quit-India Movement, Tebhaga Movement and Satyagraha Movement spread over Kurigram. During the War of Liberation Raumari, Rajibpur (except Kodalkati union) and Phulbari upazilas were beyond the reach of the Pak army. Many direct encounters between the Freedom Fighters and the Pak army were held in this district in which about 100 Freedom Fighters were killed. Marks of the War of Liberation Mass killing site and mass grave: Kurigram food office, Jailkhana Gate, in front of the Bungalow of SP (Kurigram), Chilmari, backyard of the residence of the TNO of Bhurungamari, backyard of the Hospital (Bhurungamari), Ulipur Dakbungalow, Hatia Dagar Kuthi and Dharani Bari Madhupur (Ulipur); about 30-32 human skulls have been discovered from the backside of the residence of Altaf Uddin Compounder of village Baghbhandar under Bhurungamari union; memorial monument at the turn of the Kurigram College; Chandipukur (Nageshwari), memorial plank of martyr freedom fighters (Ghosh Para, Kurigram), a memorial plank with names of 18 freedom Fighters in front of the Ulipur Muktijoddha Office.Population 1782277; male 49.62%, female 50.38%; Muslim 91.65%, Hindu 7.7% and others 0.65%.Religious institutions Mosque 3231, temple 199, sacred place 2 and tomb 1, most noted of which are Kurigram Central Jami Mosque, Nageshwari Bus Stand Jami Mosque, Nageshwari Bazar Jami Mosque, Ulipur Shahi Jami Mosque, Chilmari Austami Snan, Madaikhal Kali Mandir and Shree Shree Govinda Jeu Mandir (Ulipur). Literacy and educational institutions Average literacy 22.3%; male 29.9% and female 14.7%. Educational institutions: government college 3, non-government college 29, commerce college 1, government high school 3, non-government high school 167, junior high school 11, madrasa 464, primary training institute 1, veterinary training institute 1, nursing training institute 1, youth training centre 1, deaf school 1, mentally retarded school 1, government primary school 563, non-government primary school.595, satellite school 12, kindergarten 8 and maktab 155. Noted educational institutions: River View High School (1915), Kurigram Government Boy's High School (1895) and Kurigram Government College (1961), Ulipur Sarnamoye Maharani High School (1868), DM Academy (Nageshwari), Pangarani Lakshmipriya High School (1939), Bhurungamari Pilot High School (1925), Chilmari High School (1933), Jasimia High School (1938, Nageshwari), Naodanga High School (1919, Phulbari), Payardanga Government Primary School (1907, Nageshwari), Raumari Government Primary School (1898), Raumari Keramatia Model Senior Madrassa (1937), Ulipur Government Girl's High School (1909). Locally published newspapers and periodicals Present: Dainik Kurigram Khabor, Dainik Chaoa Paoa, Weekly Tatha Katha, Weekly Kurigram Barta, Weekly Julfikar, Kalam (Ulipur); extinct: Dainik Kurigram, Banglar Dak, Weekly Dharla; Monthly Pravati, Ganakatha, Ajker Kurigram, Padakkhep (literary magazine), Monthly Ketan, Weekly Uttaran, Fortnightly Sajag, Monthly Betarbani (Nageshwari), Agradut (Raumari).Cultural organisations Club 234, press club 2, literary society 3, co operative society and grameen club 327, cinema hall 18, public library 13, theatre stage 10, theatre group and opera party 3, debating society 1, women's organisation 24, shilpakala academy 1, cultural group 1. Main occupations Agriculture 45.91%, agricultural labourer 29.57%, wage labourer 2.83%, commerce 7.12%, service 3.78% and others 10.79%. Land use Total cultivable land 162334.28 hectares; fallow land 19312.22 hectares; single crop land 30%, double crop 50% and treble crop 20%. Cultivable land under irrigation land under cultivation 42%.Land control Among the peasants 40% are landless, 35% small, 18% intermediate and 7% rich; cultivable land per head 0.10 hectare.Value of land The market value of the land of the first grade is approximately Tk. 8000 per 0.01 hectare.Main crops Paddy, jute, wheat, potato, corn, chilli, peanut, bamboo, betel nut, betel leaf, pulses, vegetable.Extinct or nearly extinct crops Indigo, dhemsi, kaun, china, pumpkin, linseed, sesame, aus paddy.Main fruits Mango, jackfruit, black berry, litchi, papaya, banana, olive, amra, chalta, boroi, notko, kamranga.Fisheries, dairies and poultries Fishery 289, dairy 235 and poultry 397, nursery (fish) 28 and hatchery 8.Communication facilities Roads: pucca 241 km, semi pucca 62 km and mud road 4532 km; railways 43 km; waterways 163 nautical mile.Traditional transport Palanquin, bullock cart, buffalo cart and horse carriage. These means of transport are either extinct or nearly extinct.Manufactories Rice and flour mill 124, textile mill 1, oil mill 10, cold storage 1, biscuit and bread factory 25, dal (pulse) mill 2, ginning mill 2, printing press 12, chira mill 4, soap factory 3, semai factory 1, toffee factory 2, welding 89, ice factory 21, saw mill 30, steel furniture 8.Cottage industries Weaving 373, bamboo and cane work 1070, goldsmith 251, blacksmith 273, potteries 335, cobbler 105, bidi 6, wood work 808, tailoring 535, fishing net work 32, cocoon production 40.Hats, bazars and fairs Total number of hats and bazars are 174, most noted of which are Kathalbari, Kurigram, Jatrapur, Ulipur, Durgapur, Chilmari, Naodanga, Bhurangamari, Rajibpur, Nageshwari, Royganj, Rajarhat, Raumari, Nunkhaoa Hat; fairs 17, most noted of which are Rashuner Mela (Changrar Mela), Dasharar Mela (Dasherhat), Sindumatir Mela (Rajarhat), Austami Snan Mela (Chilmari), Madaikhaler Mela, Dhamshreni Baishaki Mela (Ulipur), Masamkurar Mela (Nageshwari), Berubari Baruni Mela. Main exports Jute, paddy, peanut, bamboo, potato, peanut, betel nut, chicken.NGO activities Operationally important NGOs are brac, rdrs, Care, asa, Save the Children, Swanirvar Bangladesh, Jibika, Diganta Samaj Unnayan Sangstha, Chinnamukul. Health centres Government hospital 1, NGO hospital 2, private clinic 12, veterinary hospital 2, chest diseases hospital 1, union heath and family planning centre 65, satellite clinic 20, TB hospital 1, rural health centre 1, eye hospital 1, maternity and child welfare centre 2, clinic 13. [Md Kamal Hossain]
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